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Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

40.7K
The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
40.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Quantitative Static and Dynamic Assessment of Balance Control in Stroke Patients
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Quantitative vestibular function tests in posterior circulation stroke patients: A review.

S Z Sayed1, N H Abdul Wahat2, A A Raymond3

  • 1Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Health Sciences, Audiology Programme, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The Medical Journal of Malaysia
|November 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Quantitative vestibular function tests like vHIT, VEMPs, and VNG aid in diagnosing central vestibular dysfunction in stroke patients. These tests complement bedside evaluations for accurate assessment of vestibular loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Bedside examinations are sensitive for identifying stroke in acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) patients.
  • Diagnosing central vestibular dysfunction can be challenging for less experienced clinicians.
  • Quantitative vestibular function testing offers objective measures to assess vestibular loss due to stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of quantitative vestibular function test findings in stroke patients.
  • To highlight the utility of tests like video head impulse test (vHIT), vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), and videonystagmography (VNG) in diagnosing central vestibular dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of quantitative vestibular function test findings in stroke patients.
  • Analysis of video head impulse test (vHIT), cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs, oVEMPs), videonystagmography (VNG), and caloric testing results.
  • Correlation of test findings with specific stroke locations (e.g., PICA, AICA, brainstem, cerebellum).

Main Results:

  • Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain is typically normal in posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) strokes but variable in anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) strokes.
  • AICA and PICA strokes can impair cVEMPs, oVEMPs, and VNG (smooth pursuit, saccade functions).
  • Strokes involving the vestibular nucleus, brainstem, or cerebellum can cause abnormalities in smooth pursuit, saccade, or caloric testing.

Conclusions:

  • Combined evaluation of VNG, vHIT, and VEMPs accurately complements bedside vestibular assessments for diagnosing central vestibular dysfunction.
  • Quantitative tests are crucial for quantifying vestibular loss and aiding differential diagnosis in stroke patients with vestibular symptoms.
  • Future research should investigate vestibular dysfunction prevalence in recovering stroke patients.