Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.2K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.2K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

1000
The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
1000
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.2K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.2K
Difference from Background: Limit of Detection01:05

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

7.4K
The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...
7.4K
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving01:20

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving

1.8K
Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
This distribution function f(v) is defined by saying that the expected number N (v1,v2) of particles with speeds between v1 and v2 is given by
1.8K
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

809
When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
809

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Impact of Hiatus Hernia Size on Dysplasia Progression in Patients With Barrett's Esophagus.

JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology·2026
Same author

Increasing signal-to-noise ratio in over-determined Mueller matrices.

Optics express·2023
Same author

Deliberate foreign body ingestion in patients with underlying mental illness: A retrospective multicentre study.

Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists·2023
Same author

Gastrointestinal: Olmesartan-induced enteropathy.

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology·2018
Same author

Systematic review: adrenal insufficiency secondary to swallowed topical corticosteroids in eosinophilic oesophagitis.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2018
Same author

Editorial: gut-directed hypnotherapy or low FODMAP diet for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome? Authors' reply.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases
09:55

Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases

Published on: January 5, 2024

1.4K

Optimizing Mueller polarimetry in noisy systems through over-determination.

H Philpott, E Garcia-Caurel, O Guaitella

    Applied Optics
    |November 22, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Over-determination in Mueller polarimetry enhances signal-to-noise ratio for imaging fast phenomena. This technique quantifies noise and identifies systematic errors, improving measurement accuracy.

    More Related Videos

    Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy
    05:54

    Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy

    Published on: September 8, 2023

    1.4K
    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
    08:01

    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

    Published on: November 21, 2019

    7.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

    Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases
    09:55

    Author Spotlight: Using Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI to Study Lung Diseases

    Published on: January 5, 2024

    1.4K
    Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy
    05:54

    Author Spotlight: Non-Invasive Imaging of Complex Bio-Structures Using Polarization-Sensitive Two-Photon Microscopy

    Published on: September 8, 2023

    1.4K
    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
    08:01

    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

    Published on: November 21, 2019

    7.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Physics
    • Plasma Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Mueller polarimetry is vital for imaging dynamic phenomena like plasma discharges.
    • Short exposure times (< 1 µs) are required, but reduce signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate over-determination as a method to improve SNR in Mueller polarimetry.
    • To assess the effectiveness of increased Stokes vector generation for data analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized liquid crystal variable retarders to generate Stokes vectors in physical experiments.
    • Employed simulations to verify experimental results.
    • Analyzed data based on varying degrees of over-determination.

    Main Results:

    • Increasing over-determination significantly improves SNR and measurement consistency.
    • Over-determination provides a method to quantify statistical noise.
    • Systematic error origins can be precisely identified using this approach.

    Conclusions:

    • Over-determination is a simple, effective strategy for enhancing Mueller polarimetry in low-SNR conditions.
    • The optimal over-determination scheme requires careful consideration.
    • This method offers novel capabilities for error analysis in optical measurements.