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2D material assisted SMF-MCF-MMF-SMF based LSPR sensor for creatinine detection.

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    This study presents a novel fiber optic biosensor for detecting creatinine. The sensor utilizes localized surface plasmon resonance enhanced by evanescent waves and functionalized nanoparticles for high sensitivity and specificity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Nanotechnology
    • Chemical Sensing

    Background:

    • Creatinine detection is crucial for diagnosing kidney disease.
    • Existing biosensors often lack sensitivity, portability, or specificity.
    • Fiber optic sensors offer potential for sensitive and remote detection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a simple, portable, and sensitive fiber optic biosensor for creatinine detection.
    • To leverage localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and evanescent waves (EWs) for enhanced detection.
    • To functionalize the sensor with nanomaterials and enzymes for improved performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a SMF-MCF-MMF-SMF fiber optic probe with chemical etching.
    • Functionalization of the probe with graphene oxide (GO), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), MoS2 nanoparticles (MoS2-NPs), and creatininase (CA).
    • Utilizing LSPR for creatinine concentration determination and characterizing nanomaterials with HR-TEM, UV-vis, and SEM.

    Main Results:

    • The biosensor demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.0025 nm/μM and a limit of detection of 128.4 μM.
    • The sensor exhibited good reusability, reproducibility, stability, and selectivity.
    • Evanescent waves enhanced LSPR, while 2D materials and CA improved biocompatibility and specificity.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed SMF-MCF-MMF-SMF biosensor is a promising tool for sensitive and specific creatinine detection.
    • The combination of fiber optics, LSPR, and nanomaterials offers a robust platform for biosensing applications.
    • This work contributes to the development of advanced diagnostic tools for kidney function monitoring.