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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic Physics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Pulsed optically pumped atomic clocks are crucial for precise timekeeping.
    • Laser intensity noise is a primary limitation in the performance of these clocks.
    • Reducing noise is essential for enhancing clock stability and accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and evaluate a novel scheme to mitigate laser intensity noise in pulsed optically pumped atomic clocks.
    • To compare the effectiveness of the proposed differential Faraday rotation angle method against traditional absorption and differential methods.
    • To assess the impact of the new scheme on clock instability and signal-to-noise ratio.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical calculation and comparison of Ramsey fringes, frequency sensitivity to intensity fluctuations, and signal-to-noise ratios for different detection methods.
    • Experimental implementation using a Wollaston prism and two photodetectors to simultaneously acquire Ramsey fringes for absorption, differential, and Faraday rotation angle methods.
    • Measurement of long-term fluctuation in Faraday rotation angle and comparison with traditional absorption signals.

    Main Results:

    • The differential Faraday rotation angle method demonstrated significantly lower long-term fluctuation (0.66% at 30000s) compared to the traditional absorption signal (3.9% at 30000s).
    • The proposed scheme effectively reduces the contribution of laser intensity noise to clock instability.
    • Simultaneous acquisition of Ramsey fringes allowed for direct comparison of detection methods.

    Conclusions:

    • The differential Faraday rotation angle scheme is a promising technique for reducing laser intensity noise in pulsed optically pumped atomic clocks.
    • This method offers improved stability and reduced noise, paving the way for higher performance vapor clocks.
    • Further optimization with high common-mode rejection ratio photodetectors is expected to yield even better results.