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Freeform optics for variable extended depth of field imaging.

Sara Moein, Thomas J Suleski

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    Summary

    This study introduces a novel method using freeform phase plates to extend the depth of field in microscopy. This technique creates variable cubic wavefronts, improving image quality by reducing in- and out-of-focus regions.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical engineering
    • Microscopy imaging

    Background:

    • High magnification and numerical aperture in microscopy lead to shallow depth of field.
    • In- and out-of-focus regions degrade image quality in such applications.
    • Existing methods often require custom-designed phase plates for each optical system.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a method for extended depth-of-field imaging using freeform optics.
    • To enable extended depth of field across a range of numerical apertures.
    • To create variable cubic wavefronts for improved imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized freeform phase plates to generate variable cubic wavefronts.
    • Employed a concept analogous to an Alvarez lens with transmissive elements.
    • Discussed design and optimization strategies for different numerical apertures.

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  • Analyzed through-focus variation of the point spread function.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a method for extended depth-of-field imaging.
    • Enabled variable cubic wavefront generation using freeform optics.
    • Evaluated on- and off-axis performance using multiple metrics.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method offers a versatile approach to extend depth of field in microscopy.
    • Freeform phase plates provide a flexible solution for achieving extended depth of field.
    • The technique is adaptable for lenses with varying numerical aperture values.