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Updated: Oct 12, 2025
5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
Published on: July 3, 2013
Evaluation and enhancement of standard equations for renal function estimation in individuals with components of
Luigi Brunetti1,2,3, Hyunmoon Back4, Sijia Yu4
1Department of Pharmacy Practice; Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA. brunetti@pharmacy.rutgers.edu.
Background:
The primary objective of this study aims to test patient factors, with a focus on cardiometabolic disease, influencing the performance of the Cockcroft-Gault equation in estimating glomerular filtration rate.
Methods:
A cohort study was performed using data from adult patients with both a 24-h urine creatinine collection and a serum creatinine available. Creatinine clearance was calculated for each patient using the Cockcroft-Gault, Modified Diet in Renal Disease, and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations and estimates were compared to the measured 24-h urine creatinine clearance. In addition, new prediction equations were developed.
Results:
In the overall study population (n = 484), 44.2% of patients were obese, 44.0% had diabetes, and 30.8% had dyslipidemia. A multivariable model which incorporating patient characteristics performed the best in terms of correlation to measured 24-h urine creatinine clearance, accuracy, and error. The modified Cockcroft-Gault equation using lean body weight performed best in the overall population, the obese subgroup, and the dyslipidemia subgroup in terms of strength of correlation, mean bias, and accuracy.
Conclusions:
Regardless of strategy used to calculate creatinine clearance, residual error was present suggesting novel methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate are urgently needed.
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