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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
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Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla

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Zygomaticomaxillary Fractures.

Christine M Jones1, Cecelia E Schmalbach2

  • 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3401 North Broad Street, 4th Floor Parkinson Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America
|November 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Zygomaticomaxillary complex and zygomatic arch fractures are common in athletes. Surgical intervention for displaced fractures can correct facial deformity and improve function, with technology enhancing treatment accuracy.

Keywords:
Facial fractureFacial traumaMalar eminenceOrbitozygomatic fractureZygomatic archZygomaticomaxillary complex

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) and zygomatic arch fractures are frequent athletic injuries.
  • Displacement can cause significant midfacial deformity, infraorbital nerve hypoesthesia, trismus, and malocclusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the indications and surgical approaches for treating displaced ZMC and zygomatic arch fractures.
  • To highlight the role of advanced technologies in improving treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on athletic midfacial fractures.
  • Discussion of operative indications and osteosynthesis techniques.
  • Exploration of emerging technologies in fracture management.

Main Results:

  • Operative treatment is necessary for significant displacement or functional impairment.
  • Surgical techniques are tailored to individual fracture patterns.
  • Virtual surgical planning, navigation, and imaging offer potential for enhanced accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt surgical management of displaced zygomatic fractures is crucial for restoring facial aesthetics and function.
  • Technological advancements hold promise for optimizing the precision and success of surgical interventions for complex facial fractures.