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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Transduction01:16

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Immunometabolic Circuits in Infection for Advancing Host Directed Therapies
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Infectious Diseases Spreading on an Adaptive Metapopulation Network.

Shanshan Feng1,2, Zhen Jin2,3

  • 1School of Data Science and TechnologyNorth University of China Taiyuan 030051 China.

IEEE Access : Practical Innovations, Open Solutions
|November 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Two-way travel restrictions effectively suppress infectious disease spread by using a risk indicator and adaptive network model. Early intervention and controlling infected individuals

Keywords:
Emerging infectious diseasesadaptive metapopulation networkrisk indicatortravel restrictions

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical Modeling
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Emerging infectious diseases necessitate global containment strategies.
  • Travel restrictions are a common, yet complex, intervention.
  • Understanding the impact of different restriction types is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of two-way travel restrictions in mitigating global infectious disease spread.
  • To define and utilize a risk indicator based on relative infection density.
  • To compare one-way versus two-way travel restriction impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Definition of a risk indicator for infectious disease spread.
  • Development of an adaptive metapopulation network model incorporating travel restrictions.
  • Application of a susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) metapopulation model.
  • Mathematical analysis and simulation-based evaluations.

Main Results:

  • The basic reproduction number was found to be independent of human mobility.
  • Two-way travel restrictions demonstrated superior effectiveness in suppressing global disease spread compared to one-way restrictions.
  • A critical threshold for the risk indicator was identified for disease prevention.
  • Earlier implementation of two-way travel restrictions yielded better control outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive metapopulation networks with two-way travel restrictions are effective in controlling global infectious disease spread.
  • The timing of intervention is critical; earlier restrictions are more effective.
  • Controlling the mobility of infected individuals is vital, even without full travel bans.