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Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Published on: August 14, 2015

Tracking Multisite Seizure Propagation Using Ictal High-Gamma Activity.

Steven Tobochnik¹, Lisa M Bateman², Cigdem I Akman³

¹Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society

|November 23, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Epilepsy seizure spread often involves multiple distinct hubs, not just contiguous spread. High-gamma activity mapping reveals these seizure hubs, even in patients with presumed unifocal epilepsy, aiding in understanding seizure propagation patterns.

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Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

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Published on: August 14, 2015

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Seizure Dynamics and Novel Therapeutics for Status Epilepticus Using CMOS High-Density Microelectrode Array Systems

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Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue

Published on: January 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Epileptology
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Epileptic seizure propagation patterns are complex and not fully understood.
Characterizing seizure spread is crucial for effective epilepsy treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To map the spatial evolution of seizure recruitment using high-gamma activity (HGA).
To identify seizure hubs and understand their role in seizure propagation.

Main Methods:

Analyzed ictal HGA (80-150 Hz) in 72 seizures from 13 patients using stereotactic depth electrodes.
Identified spatial clusters of HGA as seizure hubs and analyzed their recruitment patterns.
Correlated seizure hub activity with seizure termination and compared overlap with interictal ripples.

Main Results:

Ictal HGA tracked seizure recruitment in 71% of seizures.
Multiple seizure hubs were found in 54% of cases, including those presumed unifocal.
Noncontiguous recruitment correlated with asynchronous seizure termination (OR=19.7, p=0.029).

Conclusions:

Ictal HGA is a biomarker distinguishing contiguous from remote seizure spread.
Seizure activity clusters in stereotyped hubs, not broadly distributed.
Multiple hubs are common, even in clinically unifocal epilepsy.