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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
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DNA Topoisomerases02:02

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging
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Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging

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DNA End Resection: Mechanism and Control.

Petr Cejka1,2, Lorraine S Symington3,4

  • 1Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;

Annual Review of Genetics
|November 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) trigger repair pathways like nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). DNA end resection critically determines pathway choice, influencing genome stability.

Keywords:
53BP1CtIPDNA repairDNA2EXO1MRE11-RAD50-NBS1homologous recombination

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Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

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Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
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Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are severe DNA lesions impacting cell viability and genome integrity.
  • Cells employ distinct repair mechanisms, primarily nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), to resolve DSBs.
  • The choice between NHEJ and HR is influenced by cell cycle, DNA end characteristics, and crucially, DNA end resection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms governing DNA end resection.
  • To elucidate the regulatory factors controlling end resection.
  • To discuss the pathological outcomes resulting from dysregulated end resection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on DNA repair pathways.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying DNA end resection.
  • Synthesis of findings on the regulation and consequences of end resection dysregulation.

Main Results:

  • DNA end resection initiates 5'→3' nucleolytic degradation, generating single-stranded DNA overhangs.
  • These overhangs are essential substrates for Rad51 recombinase, promoting HR.
  • End resection is a key determinant in selecting between HR and NHEJ repair pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DNA end resection mechanisms is vital for comprehending genome maintenance.
  • Dysregulation of end resection contributes to genomic instability and disease.
  • Further research into end resection regulation may reveal therapeutic targets for diseases involving DNA repair defects.