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Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

984
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

113
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
113
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

198
Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
198

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
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A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis

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New Precordial T Wave Inversions in Hospitalized Patients.

Nitin Thinda1, John A Ambrose1, Amarbir Bhullar1

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.

The American Journal of Medicine
|November 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precordial T wave changes in hospitalized patients have diverse causes. Differentiating diagnoses like Wellens syndrome or myocardial infarction often requires more than just electrocardiogram (ECG) findings.

Keywords:
Precordial T changes

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Precordial T wave changes are documented in athletes and specific groups.
  • The causes of these ECG changes in a broad hospitalized patient population remain underreported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the etiologies of new precordial T wave inversions in a large cohort of hospitalized patients.
  • To assess the diagnostic utility of ECG findings alone versus combined clinical data.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of electrocardiograms (ECGs) showing new precordial T wave inversions (>1 mm) in multiple leads.
  • Analysis of 191 patients' ECGs, clinical data, and imaging parameters.
  • Categorization into groups: Wellens syndrome, takotsubo, type 2 myocardial infarction, other, and unknown.

Main Results:

  • Subtle ECG differences existed between groups, but definitive diagnosis required further clinical, laboratory, or imaging studies.
  • Wellens syndrome was identified in less than 20% of cases, though chest discomfort with T wave changes was highly suggestive.
  • Type 2 myocardial infarction can present with a Wellens-like ECG pattern, even without significant left anterior descending artery disease.

Conclusions:

  • Precordial T wave changes in hospitalized patients stem from various causes.
  • Electrocardiogram findings alone are insufficient for definitive diagnosis; additional data are essential.