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Clinico-pathological study on denture stomatitis.

K Morimoto1, A Kihara, T Suetsugu

  • 1Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|November 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
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Denture stomatitis, a condition affecting oral mucosa, presents in atrophic and hyperplastic forms. Immunological reactions involving plasma cells, lymphocytes, and mast cells appear to play a role in its development.

Area of Science:

  • Oral Pathology
  • Immunology
  • Dental Prosthetics

Background:

  • Denture stomatitis is a common inflammatory condition affecting the oral mucosa beneath dentures.
  • Understanding its histopathological and immunological characteristics is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the histopathological and cytoimmunological features of denture stomatitis.
  • To classify denture stomatitis into distinct subtypes and identify associated factors.

Main Methods:

  • Biopsy specimens from 17 denture stomatitis patients and 10 controls were analyzed.
  • Histopathological examination included standard staining, esterase stain, and peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods.
  • Cytoimmunological analysis focused on identifying plasma cells, lymphocytes, and mast cells.

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Main Results:

  • Denture stomatitis was classified into atrophic (smooth mucosa) and hyperplastic (exophytic projections) types, with hyperplastic being more common.
  • Hyperplastic type was associated with partial dentures, ill-fitting bases, and plaque accumulation.
  • Both types showed increased plasma cells (IgG, IgA), lymphocytes, and mast cells, with mast cells often near plasma cells.

Conclusions:

  • Denture stomatitis exhibits distinct histopathological subtypes.
  • Immunological responses, particularly involving plasma cells, lymphocytes, and mast cells, are implicated in the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis.