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Dental stability and maximal masticatory muscle activity.

I D Jiménez1

  • 1Preventive Dental Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba.

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|November 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Dental splints enhance masticatory muscle function during clenching. Stable jaw contacts, not just jaw position, are crucial for maximal masseter muscle activity, preventing compensatory strain.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Neuromuscular Function

Background:

  • Masticatory muscle activity is essential for jaw function.
  • Occlusal stability plays a role in regulating muscle forces.
  • Understanding muscle response to occlusal conditions is key for dental treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate electromyographical (EMG) activity of masticatory muscles.
  • To compare muscle activity during clenching in retruded contact position (RCP) and intercuspal position (IP).
  • To evaluate the effect of a posterior stabilizing splint on muscle activity.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded linear envelope EMG signals from masseter, anterior temporal, and posterior temporal muscles.
  • Evaluated 37 subjects during full clenching.
  • Compared muscle activity with and without a posterior stabilizing splint in RCP and IP.

Main Results:

  • Clenching in RCP without a splint (unstable contact) inhibited masseter activity and reduced temporal muscle activity.
  • A stabilizing splint in RCP restored normal masticatory muscle activity.
  • EMG activity in IP was unaffected by the presence or absence of a splint.

Conclusions:

  • Dentition stability, not jaw position, determines maximal masseter isometric contraction.
  • Good intercuspation allows for maximal masseter contraction.
  • Premature contacts necessitate reduced muscle contraction for stabilization, preventing damage.

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