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Tuberculosis in Children in a Pediatric Hospital in Mexico

Napoleón González Saldaña1, Mercedes Macías Parra1, Hugo Juárez Olguín2,3

  • 1Department of Infectology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria (INP), Mexico City, Mexico.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|November 23, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Diagnosing pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is challenging. This study highlights the need for integrated clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological data to confirm childhood TB, as early microbiological confirmation is often absent.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Radiology
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global health challenge, particularly in pediatric populations.
  • Accurate and timely diagnosis of TB in children remains a complex issue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively describe the clinical, microbiological, radiological, and histopathological characteristics of TB in children.
  • To identify key diagnostic indicators and challenges in pediatric TB cases.

Main Methods:

  • A 7-year retrospective descriptive cohort study involving 127 pediatric patients diagnosed with active TB.
  • Data collection included clinical presentation, microbiological tests (Ziehl-Neelsen staining, culture, PCR), radiological findings (chest X-ray), and histopathological analysis.

Main Results:

  • Microbiological confirmation was achieved in 74% of cases; 33 cases were probable TB.
  • Lymph node (39.3%), bone (15.7%), lung (13.6%), and meningeal TB (8.6%) were the predominant forms.
  • Fever and adenopathy were common symptoms; chest X-ray abnormalities were observed in 64.5%.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric TB necessitates a combination of laboratory and epidemiological evaluations.
  • The study underscores the frequent lack of early microbiological confirmation, emphasizing the importance of a holistic diagnostic approach in children.

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