Advanced Nanoparticular Approaches to Combat Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disease that affects many of the world's rapidly ageing population. In the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the involvement of amyloid β (Aβ) plaque accumulation and oxidative stress in the brain have important roles. Various drugs have been proposed to prevent and treat AD, but delivering these therapeutic agents to the brain is difficult. Over the last decade, nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery represents one promising strategy to increase the CNS penetration of several therapeutic moieties successfully. Different nanocarriers are being investigated to treat and diagnose AD. NTDDS (nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems) can be used in various methods to improve patient compliance and treatment outcomes. However, literature analysis revealed that clinical activities, such as NTDDS application in Alzheimer's disease research lag behind despite extensive research. This review gives an account of the BBB and discusses the literature on some drugs, which are successfully encapsulated as nanoparticles for a future therapeutic approach. It also emphasizes the current clinical studies for Alzheimer's disease therapy.