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Hallucinogens and Psychedelics01:27

Hallucinogens and Psychedelics

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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, are a class of substances known for their ability to alter perception, cognition, and emotions. Despite their profound effects on the mind, these drugs are non-addictive, setting them apart from many other abused substances. The mechanism of action of these drugs lies in their impact on the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. Upon activation, this receptor couples to Gq-type G proteins, triggering a cascade that releases intracellular calcium. This...
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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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An Overview of Psychoactive Drugs01:28

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Psychoactive drugs impact brain function, influencing perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior. These substances are grouped based on their effects and the mechanisms by which they act.
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Magical thinking encompasses the belief in assumptions that defy logical reasoning yet appear intuitively convincing. It is a common psychological phenomenon that persists across various cultural and individual contexts. While these assumptions contradict empirical evidence and scientific laws, they often serve meaningful psychological roles in promoting emotional resilience and a sense of control, especially under stress or uncertainty.Thought-Action Fusion and the Law of SimilarityA key...
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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
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Psychedelics alter metaphysical beliefs.

Christopher Timmermann1, Hannes Kettner2, Chris Letheby3,4

  • 1Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK. c.timmermann-slater15@imperial.ac.uk.

Scientific Reports
|November 24, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Psychedelic drug use can significantly alter metaphysical beliefs, shifting individuals away from materialism towards concepts like panpsychism. These profound changes in beliefs about reality and consciousness can last for at least six months.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Mind
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Popular belief suggests psychedelic drugs alter metaphysical views.
  • This hypothesis has lacked formal empirical testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether psychedelic use causes lasting changes in metaphysical beliefs.
  • To examine shifts in beliefs about reality, consciousness, and free will post-psychedelic use.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective online surveying of a large sample.
  • Analysis of belief changes before and after psychedelic experiences.
  • Consolidation with data from a controlled clinical trial.

Main Results:

  • Significant shifts from physicalist/materialist views towards panpsychism and fatalism were observed.
  • Belief changes, except for fatalism, endured for at least 6 months.
  • Shifts correlated with psychedelic use extent and improved mental health outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Psychedelic use may causally influence metaphysical beliefs, moving them away from hard materialism.
  • Belief shifts were moderated by impressionability and mediated by emotional synchrony during experiences.
  • Further research is needed to determine if these effects are contextually independent.