Altered Wnt5a expression affects radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

It has been reported that upregulation of wingless-type protein 5a (Wnt5a) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Wnt5a expression is often upregulated in radiation-resistant NSCLC cells. However, the biological functions or molecular mechanisms of radiosensitivity in NSCLC remain unknown. In the present study, MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis were performed to assess the effect of overexpression or knockdown of Wnt5a and/or radiation on the proliferation and apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, western blot analysis was performed to detect canonical Wnt signaling (β-catenin) in H1650 and A549 cells. The results demonstrated that Wnt5a knockdown combined with irradiation inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells compared with Wnt5a knockdown or radiotherapy alone. In addition, the combination of Wnt5a knockdown and irradiation decreased nuclear and increased cytoplasmic β-catenin expression in H1650 and A549 cells, the effects of which were reversed following overexpression of Wnt5a. The combination of overexpressing Wnt5a and irradiation resulted in significant tumor regression, while β-catenin knockdown reversed Wnt5a overexpression-induced NSCLC cell proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that Wnt5a may be involved in the activation of β-catenin-dependent canonical Wnt signaling, and thus may influence the effectiveness of radiation therapy in NSCLC.