Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

31.7K
Overview
31.7K
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

810
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
810
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

779
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
779
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

48.1K
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
48.1K
Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

37.0K
Overview
37.0K
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

35.9K
The Concept of Multiple Allelism
35.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Autoimmunity to Collagen XVII (BP180-Ag2) in Pemphigoid Associated With Parkinson's Disease.

Case reports in dermatological medicine·2026
Same author

shRNA-Targeting Caspase-3 Inhibits Cell Detachment Induced by Pemphigus Vulgaris Autoantibodies in <i>HaCaT</i> Cells.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

Association of TLR8 Variants in Sex-Based Clinical Differences in Patients with COVID-19.

Biochemical genetics·2024
Same author

suPAR and WT1 modify the adhesion of podocytes and are related to proteinuria in class IV lupus nephritis.

Journal of translational autoimmunity·2023
Same author

Supplementation with EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids improves peripheral immune cell mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in subjects with obesity.

The Journal of nutritional biochemistry·2023
Same author

Implication of myddosome complex genetic variants in outcome severity of COVID-19 patients.

Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

2.9K

Multiple autoimmunity and epitope spreading in monozygotic twins.

Esperanza Avalos-Díaz1, Elena Pérez-Pérez1, Julio Granados2

  • 1Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Department of Immunology, UACB. Guadalupe, Zac, Mexico.

Journal of Translational Autoimmunity
|November 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates autoimmune thyroiditis and vitiligo in male twins, linking these conditions to specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and autoantibodies. It explores the role of MHC II molecules in autoimmune disease presentation.

Keywords:
AMA, anti-mitochondrial antibodiesANA, antinuclear antibodiesANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodiesASMA, anti-smooth muscle antibodiesAnti-CCP, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodiesAnti-GBM, anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodiesAutoimmune diseasesAutoimmunityBP, bullous pemphigoidDsg, desmogleinEpitope spreadingFITC, fluorescein isothiocyanateHLA, Human Leucocyte AntigenHRP, horseradish peroxidaseIgG, immunoglobulin GMHC, major histocompatibility complexMultiple autoimmunityPBS, phosphate buffered salineSSP, sequence specific primingTMB, tetramethylbenzidine/H2O2ThyroiditisVitiligo

More Related Videos

A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases
06:50

A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases

Published on: May 29, 2020

2.7K
Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
10:16

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies

Published on: September 15, 2016

13.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

2.9K
A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases
06:50

A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases

Published on: May 29, 2020

2.7K
Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
10:16

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies

Published on: September 15, 2016

13.0K

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Autoimmunity
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases like thyroiditis and vitiligo can co-occur in individuals.
  • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complex, particularly MHC Class II molecules, plays a crucial role in immune regulation and susceptibility to autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical, serologic, and immunogenetic profiles of monozygotic male twins with co-occurring autoimmune thyroiditis and vitiligo.
  • To examine the association between specific HLA-DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes and the development of these autoimmune diseases.
  • To review the role of MHC Class II molecules in the manifestation of multiple autoimmune diseases within a single patient.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination and assessment of patients.
  • Serologic studies to detect autoantibodies (anti-thyroid and anti-melanocyte).
  • Immunogenetic analysis to determine HLA haplotypes.

Main Results:

  • The monozygotic male twin patients presented with both autoimmune thyroiditis and vitiligo.
  • Specific HLA haplotypes, namely HLA-DRB1*04-DQB1*03:02 and HLA-DRB1*03-DQB1*0201, were associated with the observed autoimmune conditions.
  • Patients exhibited detectable levels of anti-thyroid and anti-melanocyte autoantibodies.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights a strong association between specific HLA haplotypes and the co-occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis and vitiligo in genetically identical individuals.
  • The findings underscore the significance of MHC Class II molecules in the pathogenesis of polyautoimmunity.
  • Further research into the immunogenetic underpinnings of autoimmune diseases is warranted.