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Published on: January 3, 2018
Synthesis of Rhodamines and Rosamines Using 3,6-Difluoroxanthone as a Common Intermediate
Carlos Arambula1, Joseph Rodrigues1, Jung Jae Koh2
1Department of Physical and Life Sciences, Nevada State College, Henderson, Nevada 89002, United States.
Abstract:
Rhodamines and structurally similar rosamines are some of the most highly utilized tools for molecular imaging experiments. We report a general and high-yielding route to produce 18 examples of rhodamines and rosamines, including tetramethylrhodamine, rhodamine B, and Janelia Fluor 549, from a single xanthone intermediate, 3,6-difluoroxanthone. Spectroscopic studies revealed trends in fluorophore efficiency based on substitution patterns at the 3'-, 6'-, and 9'-positions, providing insights to aid future designs of rhodamines/rosamines.
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