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Natural withanolides, an update.

Gui-Yang Xia1,2, Shi-Jie Cao1, Li-Xia Chen2

  • 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China. fengqiu20070118@163.com.

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This review covers natural withanolides from March 2010 to December 2020, detailing their classification, biological activities, and synthesis. It highlights research progress and future directions for these promising compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Withanolides are a class of steroidal lactones with diverse biological activities.
  • Previous reviews have provided foundational knowledge on withanolides.
  • The field has seen significant advancements since 2010.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the progress in withanolide research from March 2010 to December 2020.
  • To consolidate information on structural classification, biological activities, and mechanisms.
  • To outline future research perspectives and directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search covering March 2010 to December 2020.
  • Systematic review and synthesis of published research on withanolides.
  • Analysis of data on structural features, biological effects, metabolism, biosynthesis, and synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Detailed summary of structural classifications and modifications of withanolides.
  • Compilation of diverse biological activities and their underlying mechanisms.
  • Overview of metabolism, pharmacokinetic studies, and biosynthesis pathways.
  • Discussion of chemical synthesis strategies and recent advancements.

Conclusions:

  • Withanolides represent a promising class of natural products with significant therapeutic potential.
  • Continued research is crucial for understanding their full pharmacological profile and optimizing their development.
  • Future directions include exploring novel synthetic modifications and elucidating complex biological mechanisms.