Objective Assessment System for Hearing Prediction Based on Stimulus-Frequency Otoacoustic Emissions

Stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAEs) can be useful tools for assessing cochlear function noninvasively. However, there is a lack of reports describing their utility in predicting hearing capabilities. Data for model training were collected from 245 and 839 ears with normal hearing and sensorineural hearing loss, respectively. Based on SFOAEs, this study developed an objective assessment system consisting of three mutually independent modules, with the routine test module and the fast test module used for threshold prediction and the hearing screening module for identifying hearing loss. Results evaluated via cross-validation show that the routine test module and the fast test module predict hearing thresholds with similar performance from 0.5 to 8 kHz, with mean absolute errors of 7.06-11.61 dB for the routine module and of 7.40-12.60 dB for the fast module. However, the fast module involves less test time than is needed in the routine module. The hearing screening module identifies hearing status with a large area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.912-0.985), high accuracy (88.4-95.9%), and low false negative rate (2.9-7.0%) at 0.5-8 kHz. The three modules are further validated on unknown data, and the results are similar to those obtained through cross-validation, indicating these modules can be well generalized to new data. Both the routine module and fast module are potential tools for predicting hearing thresholds. However, their prediction performance in ears with hearing loss requires further improvement to facilitate their clinical utility. The hearing screening module shows promise as a clinical tool for identifying hearing loss.