Natural compounds as antiatherogenic agents
Uzma Saqib1, Masood A Khan2, Manikandan Alagumuthu3
1Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India. suraj.parihar@uct.ac.za.
Insights
This review explores plant-based natural compounds that can modulate atherosclerosis (AS), a major cause of heart disease. These compounds offer potential therapeutic strategies by targeting key mechanisms in AS progression.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Science
- Pharmacology
- Natural Product Chemistry
Background:
- Atherosclerosis (AS) is a primary cause of global mortality, linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
- AS pathogenesis involves cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, forming foam cells, driven by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) influx and impaired cholesterol efflux.
- Natural compounds have a long history in AS treatment and prevention, with growing interest in medicinal herbs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review plant-based natural compounds with potential as atherosclerosis modulators.
- To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action for these natural compounds in AS.
- To highlight potential therapeutic implications of these findings for AS treatment.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search for studies on plant-derived compounds and atherosclerosis.
- Analysis of reported mechanisms of action for identified natural compounds.
- Synthesis of information on therapeutic potential and future research directions.
Main Results:
- Numerous plant-based natural compounds have demonstrated efficacy in modulating AS.
- Mechanisms include influencing lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant properties.
- These compounds target key pathways in foam cell formation and plaque development.
Conclusions:
- Plant-derived natural compounds represent a promising avenue for AS therapeutic development.
- Understanding their mechanisms provides a basis for novel treatment strategies.
- Further research is warranted to translate these findings into clinical applications for cardiovascular health.
Abstract:
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a widespread pathological coronary heart disease (CHD), which, along with other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is the primary cause of global mortality. It is initiated by the accumulation of cholesterol-laden macrophages in the artery wall, thereby forming the foam-cells, the hallmark of AS. Increased influx of oxidized LDL and decreased efflux of free cholesterol from macrophages constitute major factors that mediate the progression of AS. Natural compounds treatment and prevention of AS being an effective approach for a long time. Currently, as interests in medicinally important natural products increased that including medicinal herbs, numerous studies on natural compounds effective forAS have been reported. In the current review, we shed light on the available plant-based natural compounds as AS modulators with underlying mechanisms that may lead to potential therapeutic implications.
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