Components of Stress and Their Associations With Sleep Problems: A Cohort Study of Older Employees
Marianna Virtanen1, Saana Myllyntausta, Petri Karkkola
1School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland (Dr Virtanen, Dr Myllyntausta, and Dr Karkkola); Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Virtanen and Dr Ropponen); Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Dr Myllyntausta, Pentti, Dr Vahtera, and Dr Stenholm); Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (Dr Myllyntausta, Pentti, Dr Vahtera, and Dr Stenholm); Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (Pentti); and Finnish institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland (Dr Ropponen).
Objective:
To identify latent components from among 13 work and nonwork stressors and to examine whether the accumulation of stress factors within these components was associated with sleep problems.
Methods:
A cohort of older employees (n = 2771 individuals, n = 3921 person-observations) responded to at least two surveys. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify latent components. Analysis of variance was used to examine their associations with sleep.
Results:
The components were: "Physical workload and shift work," "Psychosocial workload," "Social and environmental nonwork adversity," and "Life event- and health-related nonwork adversity." They were consistently associated with sleep problems, except for "Physical workload and shift work." "Social and environmental nonwork adversity" was associated with sleep problems at follow-up.
Conclusions:
Clusters of work- and nonwork-related stressors were identified, and their accumulation was associated with sleep problems among older employees.
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