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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
Sequential Knoevenagel [4+1] Cycloaddition-Condensation-Aza-Friedel-Crafts Intramolecular Cyclization: A
Nathan Bedard1, Christopher Foley1, Garrett J Davis1
1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
Abstract:
A two-step multicomponent reaction oxidation protocol is reported herein, which affords novel tunable fluorescent tetracyclic indolizines. The procedure involves a novel 4-center-3-component reaction, which proceeds via a sequential Knoevenagel condensation, [4+1] cycloaddition, and imine condensation to afford imino-indolizines. Products then undergo cyclization and are oxidized in situ to afford fluorescent tetracycles, which are readily tunable through modification of diversity elements.
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