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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Using Facial Electromyography to Assess Facial Muscle Reactions to Experienced and Observed Affective Touch in Humans
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Affective touch topography and body image.

Valentina Cazzato1, Sofia Sacchetti1, Shelby Shin1

  • 1Research Centre for Brain & Behaviour, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

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|November 24, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altered responses to pleasant touch, linked to the C-Tactile (CT) system, may affect body image disorders. Lower emotional awareness and higher dysmorphic concerns correlate with reduced CT touch preference on the forearm and back.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Somatosensory research

Background:

  • Altered affective touch perception is implicated in body image disturbances like Anorexia Nervosa.
  • The C-Tactile (CT) system processes pleasant, gentle touch, contributing to interoception and emotional regulation.
  • Understanding touch perception across body sites is crucial for mental health research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how tactile pleasantness and intensity vary across different body sites.
  • To investigate the association between individual differences in body awareness, emotional awareness, and dysmorphic concerns with touch perception.
  • To explore the role of CT-optimal touch in relation to these individual differences.

Main Methods:

  • 30 female participants received gentle, dynamic stroking touch at CT-optimal (3 cm/s) and non-CT optimal (0.3, 30 cm/s) velocities.
  • Touch was applied to the palm, forearm, face, abdomen, and back.
  • Perceived pleasantness, intensity, and individual differences in body/emotional awareness and dysmorphic concerns were measured.

Main Results:

  • CT-optimal touch was rated as more pleasant than non-CT optimal touch across all body sites.
  • Touch on the abdomen elicited the lowest pleasantness ratings, irrespective of velocity.
  • Lower emotional awareness, higher interoceptive sensibility, and greater dysmorphic concerns were linked to reduced preference for CT-optimal touch on the forearm and back.

Conclusions:

  • Tactile pleasantness perception varies significantly across body sites and is velocity-dependent.
  • Individual differences in emotional awareness, interoception, and appearance concerns modulate affective touch perception.
  • Findings suggest impaired CT-system processing may link to body image disturbances, informing potential interventions.