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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
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Energy intake misreport: how different methods affect its prevalence and nutrient intake estimates.

Vânia Magalhães1, Milton Severo1,2, Duarte Torres1,3

  • 1EP IUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal.

Annals of Human Biology
|November 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Identifying energy intake misreporting is crucial. Multivariate methods like predicted total energy expenditure (pTEE) 1SD and Goldberg 2SD identify more misreporters and improve nutrient accuracy.

Keywords:
MisreportPortugalenergy intakenational dietary surveyurinary biomarkers

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Dietary Assessment
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of energy intake (EI) is vital for nutritional research and public health.
  • Various methods exist to identify EI misreporting, but their comparative performance is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different methods in detecting EI misreporting.
  • To assess the impact of these methods on the accuracy of nutrient intake estimations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 3,639 adult reports from the Portuguese National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016.
  • Classification of EI misreporting using univariate (Willett, IQR) and multivariate (Goldberg, pTEE with varying SDs) methods.
  • Comparison of self-reported intake with urinary excretion biomarkers in a subsample (n=80) and assessment of nutrient estimate differences after excluding misreporters.

Main Results:

  • The predicted total energy expenditure (pTEE) 1SD method identified the highest prevalence of EI misreporting (63.9%).
  • Excluding misreporters using pTEE 1SD and Goldberg 2SD methods led to significant differences in the associations between self-reported and estimated nutrient intakes (e.g., protein, potassium).

Conclusions:

  • Multivariate methods, particularly pTEE 1SD and Goldberg 2SD, are more effective in identifying a higher prevalence of EI misreporting.
  • These methods also contribute to more accurate nutrient intake estimates when misreporters are excluded from the analysis.