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Emergence of a novel recombinant of CV-A5 in HFMD epidemics in Xiangyang, China
Yuting Yu1, Zhiyu Luo1, Weiping Jin1
1Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co. Ltd, Wuhan, 430207, People's Republic of China.
Background:
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is caused by a variety of enterovirus serotypes and the etiological spectrum worldwide has changed since a large scale of outbreaks occurred in 1997.
Methods:
A large number of clinical specimens of HFMD patients were collected in Xiangyang and genotyping was performed by qRT-PCR, conventional PCR amplification and sequencing. Among the 146 CV-A5 detected cases, the complete genome sequences of representative strains were determined for genotyping and for recombination analysis.
Results:
It was found that CV-A5 was one of the six major serotypes that caused the epidemic from October 2016 to December 2017. Phylogenetic analyses based on the VP1 sequences showed that these CV-A5 belonged to the genotype D which dominantly circulated in China. Recombination occurred between the CV-A5 and CV-A2 strains with a breakpoint in the 2A region at the nucleotide 3791.
Conclusions:
The result may explain the emergence of CV-A5 as one of the major pathogens of HFMD. A multivalent vaccine against HFMD is urgently needed to control the disease and to prevent emerging and spreading of new recombinants.
Insights
Enterovirus serotype CV-A5 emerged as a major cause of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) due to recombination with CV-A2. This finding highlights the need for a multivalent vaccine to control HFMD outbreaks.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a contagious viral illness caused by various enteroviruses.
- The global etiological landscape of HFMD has shifted significantly since the major outbreaks in 1997.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the genetic characteristics and evolutionary dynamics of enterovirus serotype 5 (CV-A5) strains.
- To understand the role of CV-A5 in recent HFMD epidemics in Xiangyang.
Main Methods:
- Collection and analysis of clinical HFMD specimens.
- Genotyping using qRT-PCR, conventional PCR, and sequencing.
- Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of CV-A5 strains.
Main Results:
- CV-A5 was identified as one of the six predominant serotypes causing HFMD between October 2016 and December 2017.
- Phylogenetic analysis confirmed CV-A5 strains belonged to the dominant Chinese genotype D.
- Evidence of recombination between CV-A5 and CV-A2 was found in the 2A region.
Conclusions:
- Recombination may explain the emergence of CV-A5 as a major HFMD pathogen.
- A multivalent vaccine is crucial for controlling HFMD and preventing novel recombinant strains.
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