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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Liquid walls and interfaces in arbitrary directions stabilized by vibrations.

Benjamin Apffel¹, Samuel Hidalgo-Caballero¹, Antonin Eddi²

¹Institut Langevin, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Paris F-75005, France.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|November 25, 2021

Summary

Vibrations can create artificial gravity, enabling liquids to form stable, inclined interfaces. This discovery offers new possibilities for liquid behavior control in various gravitational conditions.

Keywords:

Kapitza’s pendulum hydrodynamics vibrations vibroequilibrium

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Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

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Published on: February 3, 2014

Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Physics of liquids

Background:

Gravity is fundamental to liquid equilibrium.
Controlling liquid configurations without gravity is difficult.
Vibrations influence liquid interfaces and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if vibrations can create artificial gravity.
To demonstrate the stabilization of liquid interfaces using vibrations.
To explore applications in both Earth and zero-gravity environments.

Main Methods:

Subjecting liquids to vibrations in arbitrary directions.
Analyzing the resulting liquid interface shapes and stability.
Investigating the role of velocity gradients and boundary conditions.

Main Results:

Vibrations can induce an artificial gravitational effect on liquids.
Inclined liquid interfaces can be maintained by shaking.
Liquid layers stabilize these interfaces against destabilizing factors.
Buoyancy equilibrium remains unaffected by the applied vibrations.

Conclusions:

Vibrations offer a novel method to control liquid configurations.
This technique provides a means to create artificial gravity.
Liquid layers are key to stabilizing vibration-induced equilibria.