Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Voltage Dividers

Voltage Dividers

In electrical circuits, resistors can be connected in series, sequentially linked one after the other. In a series configuration, the same current flows through each resistor. Ohm's law is a fundamental principle to understand the behavior of resistors in series. It expresses the voltage across these resistors in terms of the current and resistance.
Kirchhoff's voltage law implies that the sum of the voltages across the resistors in series equals the source voltage. This means that the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Purcell-enhanced spin-phonon coupling with a single colour centre.

Nature·2026

Same author

Microwave-acoustic-based isolated gate driver for power electronics.

Communications engineering·2026

Same author

Milliwatt-level UV generation using sidewall poled lithium niobate.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Cryogenic neuromorphic circuits using gate-controlled negative differential resistance in silicon carbide.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Entanglement-assisted non-local optical interferometry in a quantum network.

Nature·2026

Same author

Integrated electro-optic digital-to-analog link for efficient computing and arbitrary waveform generation.

Nature photonics·2026

Same journal

Six ways to put the public at the heart of science and policy.

Nature·2026

Same journal

The complex truth about trust in science.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Have people stopped trusting science? The data tell a surprising story.

Nature·2026

Same journal

How FAIR data are helping to build trust in science.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Scientists should recognize their own political biases to build public trust.

Nature·2026

Same journal

Harmonizing standards and resources for the medical genome.

Nature·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

On-chip electro-optic frequency shifters and beam splitters.

Yaowen Hu^1,2, Mengjie Yu¹, Di Zhu¹

¹John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

|November 25, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new electro-optic devices for efficient gigahertz frequency shifting and beam splitting. These miniature devices utilize lithium niobate nanophotonics and achieve high conversion efficiency, enabling applications in quantum computing and optical communications.

More Related Videos

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Area of Science:

Photonics and Nanotechnology
Quantum Information Science
Applied Physics

Background:

Efficient gigahertz-scale frequency shifting and beam splitting are crucial for atomic physics, microwave photonics, optical communication, and photonic quantum computing.
Existing methods often suffer from low efficiency, limited frequency ranges, bulkiness, or lack of bidirectionality, hindering scalability and practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate novel electro-optic frequency shifters and beam splitters using continuous microwave control.
To achieve high efficiency, low loss, and tunability in miniature, scalable photonic devices.

Main Methods:

Engineering optical mode density and coupling in ultralow-loss lithium niobate waveguides and resonators.
Utilizing coupled ring-resonator structures for electro-optic modulation.
Implementing cascaded frequency shifting schemes.

Main Results:

Achieved gigahertz-scale frequency shifts up to 28 GHz with ~90% on-chip conversion efficiency.
Demonstrated tunable, bi-directional frequency-domain beam splitting.
Showcased non-blocking information swapping between frequency channels.
Successfully implemented cascaded shifting for a 119.2 GHz shift using a 29.8 GHz microwave signal.

Conclusions:

The developed lithium niobate nanophotonic devices offer a highly efficient and scalable solution for frequency manipulation.
These devices serve as potential building blocks for advanced classical information processors and photonic quantum computers.
The demonstrated capabilities open new avenues for high-speed optical signal processing and quantum information applications.