Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 12, 2025
Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
[Skeletal manifestations of systemic hematologic disorders]
1Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
Background:
Bone marrow consists of connective tissue and stem cells, which generate blood cells. This includes erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Thus, hematologic disorders first affect the bone marrow and secondarily the blood.
Methods:
Bone marrow changes can be sensitively detected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and often represent the initial manifestation of the underlying disease. With longer duration of disease, changes can also be found on X‑ray or computed tomography (CT).
Results:
The findings on MRI and X‑ray/CT are often nonspecific and can only be interpreted in the context of clinical information.
Conclusion:
In the following article, we provide a brief overview of the clinical manifestations and imaging changes to be expected in leukemia, anemia, and chronic myeloproliferative disorders.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
01:22The Functions of the Skeletal System
01:02What is the Skeletal System?
01:29Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
01:28Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
01:27Disorders of Erythrocytes
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...