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Related Concept Videos

The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

128.9K
Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
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Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

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Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes
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Solution-processed electronics for artificial synapses.

Kuakua Lu1, Xiaomeng Li, Qingqing Sun

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China. sunqingqing@zzu.edu.cn liuxy@zzu.edu.cn.

Materials Horizons
|November 25, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solution-processed techniques enable low-cost fabrication of artificial synaptic devices like memristors and transistors. This review covers recent advances in materials, mechanisms, and applications for high-performance, integrated artificial synapses.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Artificial synaptic devices offer advantages over traditional computers by integrating storage and processing.
  • Memristors and transistors are key components for high-density, high-speed artificial synapses.
  • Solution-processed techniques are crucial for low-cost, large-scale fabrication of flexible and 3D neural networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review solution-processed techniques for fabricating artificial synaptic devices.
  • To analyze recent advancements (last 5 years) in materials, mechanisms, and applications.
  • To discuss challenges and future prospects for high-performance artificial synapses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on solution-processed techniques for artificial synaptic devices.
  • Analysis of fabrication processes, functional materials, and operating mechanisms.
  • Examination of system applications and integration strategies.

Main Results:

  • Solution-processed techniques are vital for developing cost-effective and scalable artificial synaptic electronics.
  • Recent research highlights diverse functional materials and fabrication methods for memristors and transistors.
  • Progress has been made in achieving high performance and integration for artificial neural networks.

Conclusions:

  • Solution-processed techniques are essential for advancing artificial synapse technology.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in performance and integration.
  • Future development will focus on high-performance, highly integrated artificial synaptic systems.