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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

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Light-driven bimorph soft actuators: design, fabrication, and properties.

Yuanhao Chen¹, Jiajia Yang, Xuan Zhang

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China. lwang17@tju.edu.cn weifeng@tju.edu.cn.

Materials Horizons

|November 25, 2021

Summary

Researchers review light-driven bimorph soft actuators, focusing on bilayer strategies for advanced untethered soft robotics. These actuators offer enhanced sensitivity, programmability, and control for bioinspired designs.

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Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

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Area of Science:

Soft robotics
Materials science
Microrobotics
Photomechanics

Background:

Soft robots mimic living organisms, offering advantages over rigid machines in flexibility and interaction.
Light-fueled actuators are key for untethered soft robotics, driving research in photomechanics and bioinspired design.
Bimorph soft actuators, utilizing bilayer structures, show promise for advanced robotic functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in light-driven bimorph soft actuators.
To highlight the bilayer strategy for integrating photoactive and passive materials.
To discuss design, performance, mechanisms, and applications of these actuators.

Main Methods:

Focus on bilayer strategy: integrating photoactive and passive layers.
Explanation of bimorph soft actuator working principles.
Synthesis pathways for light-responsive materials.

Main Results:

Bilayer structures provide actuators with ultrasensitivity, programmability, and enhanced controllability.
Discussion of both photothermal and photochemical bimorph soft actuators.
Emphasis on design strategies and actuation performance.

Conclusions:

Light-driven bimorph soft actuators represent a significant advancement in soft robotics.
Bilayer designs offer superior performance and control for untethered applications.
Future opportunities lie in addressing current challenges in this emerging field.