Peritoneum, the multifunctional membrane

Area of Science:

• Surgical Science
• Physiology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• The peritoneum's extensive surface and histological structure are vital for abdominal homeostasis.
• It acts as a protective barrier, aids in inflammation localization, and serves as a dialyzing surface.
• The peritoneum is essential for hyperthermic abdominal chemotherapy in tumor treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiological and surgical aspects of peritoneal surface and intestinal tract management during abdominal surgery.
• To summarize current research on the combined functions of the peritoneum in surgical contexts.
• To evaluate the evidence supporting the necessity of maintaining intestinal moisture and rehydration.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of pathophysiological and surgical considerations.
• Synthesis of recent research findings on peritoneal functions.
• Analysis of evidence regarding intestinal tract desiccation and rehydration.

Main Results:

• Surgical recommendations emphasize avoiding peritoneal desiccation and maintaining intestinal moisture.
• Intestinal desiccation can lead to postoperative adhesions and increased intestinal wall permeability.
• Limited studies directly support or refute the necessity of routine intestinal rehydration.

Conclusions:

• Evidence-based surgical expectations include atraumatic technique, bleeding control, and peritoneal surface protection.
• Maintaining intestinal moisture is a routine recommendation, though direct supporting studies are scarce.
• Further research is needed to definitively establish the benefits of intestinal rehydration in abdominal surgery.