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ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
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Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

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Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
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Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
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Secondary Active Transport01:32

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

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Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
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MsbA: an ABC transporter paradigm.

Christian Bonifer1, Clemens Glaubitz1

  • 1Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Centre of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|November 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are vital cellular proteins. The bacterial MsbA transporter, crucial for outer membrane biogenesis and a target for antibiotics, serves as a key research model.

Keywords:
ABC transporterEPR spectroscopyNMR spectroscopystructural biology

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Membrane Protein Research
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are essential protein superfamilies involved in diverse cellular functions.
  • MsbA, a prokaryotic ABC transporter in Gram-negative bacteria, acts as a floppase for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) precursors, vital for outer membrane biogenesis.
  • MsbA's structural similarity to eukaryotic ABC transporters and accessibility in bacteria make it a valuable model system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent findings on MsbA function and significance.
  • To highlight MsbA as a model for studying multidrug efflux pumps and as a target for novel antibiotics.
  • To emphasize the potential of advanced spectroscopic techniques for MsbA research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current experimental data and recent progress in ABC transporter research.
  • Focus on experimental approaches applicable to MsbA, including spectroscopy (solid-state NMR, EPR) and 3D structure determination.
  • Analysis of MsbA's role in bacterial membrane integrity and its implications for antibiotic development.

Main Results:

  • MsbA is essential for bacterial outer membrane integrity.
  • MsbA serves as a model for both lipopolysaccharide transport and multidrug efflux.
  • Advanced spectroscopic methods offer powerful tools for elucidating MsbA structure and function.

Conclusions:

  • MsbA is a multifaceted protein with significant implications for bacterial physiology and drug development.
  • Further research on MsbA, utilizing cutting-edge techniques, is crucial for understanding ABC transporter mechanisms.
  • MsbA represents a promising target for the development of new antibacterial agents.