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Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Spinal Cord Lateral Hemisection and Asymmetric Behavioral Assessments in Adult Rats
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Complex split cord malformation with split conus.

Tobin George1, Ganesh Divakar1, Biren Patel1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.

British Journal of Neurosurgery
|November 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Complex split cord malformations, spanning multiple developmental stages, are described for the first time. This rare condition involving the spinal cord and conus medullaris showed a positive outcome with surgical intervention.

Keywords:
Embryologyendomesenchymal tractneurulationspinal dysraphismsplit conussplit cord

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Embryology

Background:

  • Split cord malformations (SCMs) are typically classified based on developmental timing.
  • Disorders of gastrulation (primary neurulation) and secondary neurulation are traditionally viewed as distinct entities.
  • Complex SCMs encompassing multiple neurulation epochs have not been previously documented.

Observation:

  • A unique case of a four-year-old boy with a complex SCM is presented.
  • This malformation involved both the spinal cord and the conus medullaris.
  • The condition spanned the developmental periods of gastrulation, primary neurulation, junctional neurulation, and secondary neurulation.

Findings:

  • The study describes a novel complex split cord malformation integrating gastrulation and secondary neurulation defects.
  • A potential embryological mechanism for this complex malformation is postulated.
  • Surgical management led to a favorable clinical outcome for the patient.

Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of split cord malformation spectrum and embryological development.
  • It highlights the possibility of combined defects across different neurulation stages.
  • The findings suggest that surgical intervention can be effective even in complex SCMs.