Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neurotransmitters01:31

Neurotransmitters

1.8K
Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
1.8K
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

40.5K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
40.5K
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

1.2K
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
1.2K
Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

1.4K
Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
 Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is...
1.4K
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

938
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
938

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PRMT5 inhibition impairs Fanconi Anemia pathway-mediated homologous recombination and enhances the antitumor efficacy of Temozolomide in glioblastoma.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

Therapeutic optimization of LIPA targeting to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death in ovarian cancer.

Oncogene·2026
Same author

Combined inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1 and kinase signaling as a preclinical treatment strategy in glioblastoma.

Neuro-oncology advances·2026
Same author

Ligand-receptor interactions induce and mediate regulatory functions of BATF3<sup>+</sup> B cells.

Science advances·2025
Same author

The Discovery and Characterization of HBS-101, a Novel Inhibitor of Midkine, as a Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Molecular cancer therapeutics·2025
Same author

PRMT5 inhibition sensitizes glioblastoma tumor models to temozolomide.

Research square·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways
10:44

Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways

Published on: December 9, 2013

12.1K

Brain-derived estrogen and neural function.

Darrell W Brann1, Yujiao Lu2, Jing Wang1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|November 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Brain-derived 17β-estradiol (E2) plays crucial roles in neural function and protection. This review details its origins, actions in neurons and astrocytes, and implications for brain health.

Keywords:
17β-EstradiolAromataseGliosisMemoryNeuroprotectionNeurosteroidSexual behaviorSynaptic plasticity

More Related Videos

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.6K
An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways
10:44

Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways

Published on: December 9, 2013

12.1K
Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.6K
An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Steroid Biochemistry
  • Neurobiology

Background:

  • 17β-estradiol (E2) is classically an ovarian hormone but also functions as a neurosteroid within the brain.
  • Brain-derived E2 (BDE2) is synthesized by neurons and astrocytes, influencing various neural processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of brain-derived E2 (BDE2).
  • To explore the localization, regulation, sex differences, and physiological/pathological roles of BDE2.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies utilizing aromatase inhibitors.
  • Analysis of data from neuron-specific and astrocyte-specific aromatase knockout mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Neuron-derived E2 (NDE2) is critical for synaptic plasticity, memory, behavior, sexual differentiation, reproduction, and neuroprotection.
  • Astrocyte-derived E2 (ADE2) is induced by brain injury and involved in reactive gliosis, neuroprotection, and cognitive preservation.

Conclusions:

  • Brain-derived E2, from both neurons and astrocytes, has significant roles in brain function and response to injury.
  • Further research is needed to address current controversies and explore future directions in BDE2 research.