Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

779
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
779
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

1.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.6K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

931
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
931
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

1.4K
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
1.4K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

75.4K
Overview
75.4K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

1.3K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Selection of Spring Barley Varieties for Exploiting Quantitative Resistance for Powdery Mildew Control.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

An HMA-like integrated domain in the wheat tandem kinase WTK4 recognises an RNase-like pathogen effector.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Engineering an Exo70 integrated domain of a barley NLR for improved blast resistance.

The Plant cell·2026
Same author

Molecular mimicry of a pathogen virulence target by a plant immune receptor.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

No Cost of Resistance in Wheat Gene Stack Lines Containing 10 Stem Rust Resistance Transgenes.

Plant biotechnology journal·2026
Same author

Potential unlocked: an atlas of cloned wheat genes for genome engineering and breeding.

The New phytologist·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
07:42

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1

Published on: February 28, 2025

682

The barley immune receptor Mla recognizes multiple pathogens and contributes to host range dynamics.

Jan Bettgenhaeuser1,2, Inmaculada Hernández-Pinzón1, Andrew M Dawson1

  • 1The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UK, England, UK.

Nature Communications
|November 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Three barley resistance genes (Rps6, Rps7, Rps8) confer immunity against wheat stripe rust. The Mla locus, involved in powdery mildew resistance, also recognizes wheat stripe rust, revealing shared genetic control of host specificity.

More Related Videos

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
11:50

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

22.2K
Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity
07:09

Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
07:42

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1

Published on: February 28, 2025

682
Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem
11:50

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

22.2K
Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity
07:09

Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Genetics
  • Crop Science

Background:

  • Crop losses from plant pathogens threaten global food security.
  • Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) causes substantial yield reduction in cereal crops.
  • Wheat and barley stripe rust exhibit host specificity, but the genetic basis is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genes responsible for barley's resistance to wheat stripe rust.
  • To investigate the role of known resistance loci in host specificity.
  • To understand the genetic basis of resistance to non-adapted pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of barley resistance genes (Rps6, Rps7, Rps8).
  • Analysis of gene cosegregation with known resistance loci (Mla).
  • Transgenic complementation assays to confirm gene function and specificity.

Main Results:

  • Three genes, Rps6, Rps7, and Rps8, were found to confer immunity in barley against wheat stripe rust.
  • Rps7 was shown to cosegregate with the Mla locus, a known determinant of barley powdery mildew resistance.
  • Mla alleles demonstrated allele-specific recognition of wheat stripe rust, confirming its role in host specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Major resistance genes play a crucial role in the host species specificity of wheat stripe rust on barley.
  • A shared genetic architecture underlies resistance to both adapted pathogens (barley powdery mildew) and non-adapted pathogens (wheat stripe rust).
  • This finding has implications for breeding disease-resistant cereal crops.