Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.7K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.7K
Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

1.9K
Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation...
1.9K
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

11.0K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
11.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rational design of a methanation reactor by neutron imaging.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2025
Same author

Laser-Stimulated Desorption of Hydrogen in Palladium for Dynamic Hydrogen Sorption Microanalysis.

Analytical chemistry·2024
Same author

Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Probing Fe Segregation during the Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2024
Same author

Catalytic Impedance Spectroscopy: Concept and Application on CO<sub>2</sub> Methanation.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2024
Same author

Why Hydrogen Dissociation Catalysts do not Work for Hydrogenation of Magnesium.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2023
Same author

Hydrogen Transport and Evolution in Ni-MH Batteries by Neutron Imaging.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure
10:01

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure

Published on: March 31, 2018

7.7K

Surface Properties of the Hydrogen-Titanium System.

Emanuel Billeter1,2, Zbigniew Łodziana3, Andreas Borgschulte1,2

  • 1Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces
|November 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Titanium

More Related Videos

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
14:11

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Published on: March 29, 2016

27.1K
TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method
07:37

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

Published on: April 26, 2017

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure
10:01

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure

Published on: March 31, 2018

7.7K
Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
14:11

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Published on: March 29, 2016

27.1K
TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method
07:37

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

Published on: April 26, 2017

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Titanium is a getter material and catalyst for gas-solid reactions, including ammonia synthesis.
  • Surface properties of titanium under high hydrogen pressures (metal hydride formation) are poorly understood.
  • Traditional surface science methods are incompatible with the high hydrogen pressures required for metal hydride formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the surface properties of titanium during hydrogen absorption under operando conditions.
  • To determine surface hydrogen concentration on hydride-forming metals.
  • To elucidate the relationship between surface properties and catalytic activity in the titanium-hydrogen system.

Main Methods:

  • Operando Reflecting Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (REELS) to measure surface pressure-composition isotherms.
  • Deposition of titanium thin films on a palladium membrane for atomic hydrogen source.
  • Ultrahigh vacuum conditions for hydrogen absorption.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to support experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured surface pressure-composition isotherms of the titanium-hydrogen system.
  • Provided experimental data on surface hydrogen concentration under relevant conditions.
  • DFT calculations revealed a hydrogen-deficient surface of TiH2, correlating with high catalytic activity.

Conclusions:

  • Operando REELS is a viable method for studying metal-hydrogen systems under high pressures.
  • The hydrogen-deficient surface of TiH2 is crucial for its catalytic performance in ammonia synthesis.
  • This study provides a comprehensive understanding of titanium's surface behavior during hydride formation.