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Identifying mismatches between conservation area networks and vulnerable populations using spatial randomization.

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Grassland bird conservation areas in Wisconsin protect some species well, but less than 20% of all grassland bird populations are covered. Targeted conservation areas (GBCAs) are better represented within larger Focal Landscapes.

Keywords:
N‐mixture modelabundancecitizen sciencegrassland conservationspatial conservation planningspatial simulationsspecies distribution models

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Ornithology

Background:

  • Grassland birds face global threats due to habitat loss.
  • Existing conservation networks may not effectively halt population declines.
  • Wisconsin's conservation network includes Focal Landscapes and Grassland Bird Conservation Areas (GBCAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess if Wisconsin's conservation network aligns with grassland bird population hotspots.
  • To establish ecological baselines for grassland-dependent birds within conservation areas.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the current conservation network using citizen science data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized citizen science data from Wisconsin's Breeding Bird Atlas II.
  • Applied multinomial N-mixture models to estimate habitat-abundance relationships.
  • Developed spatial randomization tests to evaluate conservation network placement.

Main Results:

  • Less than 20% of statewide grassland bird populations were within the conservation network.
  • The network showed high representation of grassland birds, but favored those in moderately tallgrass habitats.
  • Grassland Bird Conservation Areas (GBCAs) were better represented within Focal Landscapes than statewide.

Conclusions:

  • Citizen science data and hierarchical modeling effectively evaluate conservation networks.
  • The current network has spatial biases and gaps in coverage for grassland birds.
  • The spatial randomization approach can inform conservation planning globally.