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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

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Published on: June 18, 2021

Refractory Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity Following Traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Matea Malinovic¹, Kristine Kallenberger², Justin Sandall¹

¹Anesthesiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine Wichita, Wichita, USA.

|November 26, 2021

Summary

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a challenging neurological disorder. Early detection and management are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality associated with PSH episodes.

Keywords:

autonomic nervous system diseases brain injury dysautonomia intracerebral hemorrhage paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity traumatic brain injury

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Last Updated: Oct 12, 2025

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Published on: June 18, 2021

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Published on: August 30, 2020

Area of Science:

Neurology
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is characterized by autonomic dysregulation, often unrecognized due to a lack of diagnostic criteria.
Evidence-based treatments for PSH remain limited, complicating patient management strategies.

Observation:

A case is presented of a patient with new-onset seizure and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) who developed refractory PSH post-decompressive craniotomy.
The patient required a multimodal regimen to manage paroxysmal dysautonomia, presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Findings:

Despite delayed diagnosis and refractory PSH, the patient experienced neurological improvement.
Complete resolution of dysautonomic activity was achieved prior to discharge to a rehabilitation facility.

Implications:

This case highlights the critical need for early detection of PSH to mitigate morbidity and mortality.
Developing standardized diagnostic criteria and evidence-based treatments for PSH is essential for effective clinical management.