Emerging Theranostic Nanomaterials in Diabetes and Its Complications

Yuntao Liu1,2, Siqi Zeng2, Wei Ji3

  • 1School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.

Insights

Nanomaterials offer new solutions for diabetes mellitus (DM) detection and treatment, addressing limitations of traditional drugs and preventing complications. This review explores their potential in diagnostics and therapeutics for better diabetes management.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders marked by hyperglycemia.
  • Conventional antidiabetic drugs like insulin, glipalamide, and metformin have side effects and limited long-term efficacy.
  • Diabetics face increased risks of complications due to oxidative stress and vascular damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of nanomaterials for diabetes diagnosis and treatment.
  • To elucidate the application of nanomaterials in preventing diabetic complications.
  • To discuss current challenges and future trends in nanomedicine for diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on nanomaterials used in diabetes detection.
  • Analysis of nanomaterial-based therapeutic strategies for diabetes.
  • Examination of bioengineered nanoparticles for managing diabetic complications.

Main Results:

  • Nanomaterials show promise for sensitive detection of diabetic biomarkers.
  • Engineered nanoparticles offer novel therapeutic approaches for blood glucose control.
  • Nanomaterials can mitigate various diabetes-related complications.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomaterials represent a significant advancement in diabetes mellitus management.
  • Further research into novel nanomaterials is crucial for improved diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • The field is rapidly evolving, with potential for personalized diabetes care.

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
1.8K
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
451
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
3.5K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
1.2K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
3.2K