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Published on: August 19, 2016
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The innate immune system in human kidney inflammaging
Vincenzo Sepe1, Carmelo Libetta2,3, Marilena Gregorini2,3
1Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy. v.sepe@smatteo.pv.it.
Journal of Nephrology
|November 26, 2021
Summary
Inflammaging, linked to chronic kidney disease, involves innate immunity via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Blocking toll-like receptors (TLRs) may prevent kidney injury progression.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Nephrology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Elderly individuals with chronic conditions often experience inflammaging, characterized by elevated inflammatory markers and increased chronic disease risk.
- Both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to immune senescence, kidney fibrosis, and aging.
- The innate immune system, equipped with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), faces constant self and non-self stimuli.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of PRRs, specifically toll-like receptors (TLRs), in kidney inflammaging.
- To explore the potential of modulating innate immunity for treating kidney diseases associated with inflammaging.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent reports on PRR and TLR expression in various kidney diseases.
- Analysis of TLR2 blockade effects in a murine model of renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
- Assessment of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blockade in senescent endothelial cells.
Main Results:
- Kidney overexpression of TLRs is observed in inflammaging conditions like autoimmune renal diseases, vasculitis, acute kidney injury, and transplant rejection.
- TLR upregulation promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine release, fibrosis, and chronic kidney disease progression.
- TLR2 blockade in mice reduced immune cell infiltration in kidney injury, while TNF-α blockade decreased interleukin-6 release from senescent cells.
Conclusions:
- Innate immunity, particularly through TLRs, plays a significant role in renal inflammaging and kidney disease progression.
- Targeting innate immunity pathways, such as TLRs and TNF-α, presents a promising therapeutic strategy for managing kidney inflammaging.
- Further experimental and clinical trials are warranted to validate immune blockade strategies for renal inflammaging.
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