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Multi-day transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over parietal areas improved attention and brain network connectivity. These connectivity changes correlate with behavioral gains, suggesting tRNS potential for cognitive enhancement.

Keywords:
functional connectivityneurosciencenonenoninvasive brain stimulationparietal cortexperceptual learningtRNSvisual attention

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is known to modulate brain activity.
  • The effects of multi-day tRNS on large-scale brain networks, particularly the attention network, remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of multi-day tRNS on resting-state functional connectivity and attention performance.
  • To determine if tRNS combined with behavioral training enhances the dorsal and ventral attention network (DVAN).

Main Methods:

  • Human subjects underwent 4 days of attention task training with concurrent tRNS over intraparietal sulci, middle temporal areas, or sham stimulation.
  • Resting-state functional connectivity of DVAN nodes was measured before and after the intervention period.

Main Results:

  • Significant behavioral improvements in attention tasks were observed following parietal tRNS.
  • Increased functional connectivity within the DVAN was specifically linked to parietal stimulation.
  • Behavioral gains showed a positive correlation with enhanced DVAN connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in functional connectivity serve as a biomarker for the sustained behavioral effects of tRNS.
  • Parietal tRNS, coupled with training, can effectively enhance attention and DVAN connectivity.
  • tRNS shows promise for augmenting cognitive functions in healthy individuals and aiding recovery in neurological conditions.