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River ecosystem endangerment from climate change-driven regulated flow regimes.

Rui Pedro Rivaes1, Maria João Feio2, Salomé F P Almeida3

  • 1Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.

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Climate change will significantly reduce water availability in regulated rivers by 2050, altering habitats and impacting freshwater biodiversity. This threatens fluvial ecosystems, with diatoms facing the most significant changes.

Keywords:
Aquatic biodiversityEcohydraulicsHydroecologyMesohabitatsRiver damming

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • Freshwater systems face major threats from river damming, habitat degradation, and climate change, leading to biodiversity loss.
  • Regulated rivers, particularly those with hydropower production, are vulnerable to altered flow regimes influenced by climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of climate change and hydropower on the instream biota of a regulated river.
  • To determine how climate change-driven flow regimes alter mesohabitat availability downstream of hydropower plants.
  • To assess the influence of mesohabitat changes on instream biota and compare responses across biological groups.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a mesohabitat-level ecohydraulic approach integrating four biological groups: macrophytes, macroalgae, diatoms, and macroinvertebrates.
  • Conducted field surveys to establish ecological preferences of biological groups for specific mesohabitats.
  • Utilized hydrodynamic modeling to simulate mesohabitat availability under three climate change-driven flow regime scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Climate change is projected to cause significant water shortages in summer months by 2050.
  • Regulated river hydraulics are expected to shift towards more homogeneous flow conditions, favoring run habitats.
  • Biological elements may experience abundance/cover modifications ranging from a 76% decrease to a 67% increase, with diatoms showing the widest range of changes.

Conclusions:

  • Climate change poses a significant threat to fluvial biodiversity in regulated rivers due to altered flow regimes and habitat availability.
  • The study highlights the vulnerability of instream biota to climate-induced hydrological changes, with potential for substantial biodiversity shifts.
  • Mitigation strategies are crucial to address the risks to freshwater ecosystems posed by climate change impacts on regulated rivers.