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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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[Medullary thyroid carcinoma: current clinical progress].

Matthias Kroiss1,2, Viktoria Florentine Koehler1,3, Christine Spitzweg1,4

  • 1Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland.

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|November 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) diagnosis is improved by serum calcitonin testing. Highly selective RET inhibitors offer new, effective treatments for advanced MTC, changing patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is rare, especially in iodine-deficient areas.
  • Serum calcitonin measurement aids early MTC detection, with improved specificity using modern assays.
  • Prognosis is favorable for localized MTC, but surgical cure rates decrease with advanced disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic advancements and evolving treatment landscape for medullary thyroid cancer.
  • To highlight the impact of novel targeted therapies on MTC management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents for MTC.
  • Analysis of the role of serum calcitonin and RET protooncogene mutations.
  • Evaluation of multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and selective RET inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Modern assays and sex-specific intervals enhance calcitonin's diagnostic specificity for MTC.
  • RET protooncogene mutations are common in MTC, particularly in advanced or metastatic cases.
  • Selective RET inhibitors (selpercatinib, pralsetinib) show high response rates and improved safety over older kinase inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapies, especially selective RET inhibitors, represent a significant advancement in MTC treatment.
  • Further research is ongoing to establish the role of selective RET inhibitors in first-line therapy.