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Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
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Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...
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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 12, 2025

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Endolysin, a Promising Solution against Antimicrobial Resistance.

Mujeeb Ur Rahman1, Weixiao Wang2, Qingqing Sun1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat. Bacteriophage-derived endolysins show promise as novel antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant bacteria, with diverse applications in medicine, food, and agriculture.

Keywords:
antimicrobial resistancebiofilmendolysinfood safetypathogen detection

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical global health challenge, rendering existing antibiotics ineffective against emerging pandrug-resistant bacteria.
  • The limited pipeline for novel antibiotic development necessitates exploration of alternative antimicrobial strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structures and activities of bacteriophage-derived endolysins.
  • To summarize the recent advancements in the application of recombinant endolysins.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on endolysin structure, function, and applications.
  • Comprehensive summary of current research findings.

Main Results:

  • Endolysins are highly specific, rapidly acting, and efficient cell wall hydrolases with a low risk of resistance development.
  • Recombinant endolysins have demonstrated potential in medical treatments, pathogen diagnostics, food safety, and agricultural applications.

Conclusions:

  • Endolysins represent a promising alternative therapeutic agent for combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
  • The diverse applications of endolysins highlight their significant potential in addressing the AMR crisis across multiple sectors.