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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Memory Support System in Spanish: A Pilot Study.

Octavio A Santos1,2, Anapaula Rios-Rosales2, Otto Pedraza2

  • 1Department of Psychology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada.

Brain Sciences
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A Spanish Memory Support System (MSS) intervention improved daily functioning and reduced depression and anxiety in Hispanic adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The adapted program also benefited support partners, showing promise for this underserved population.

Keywords:
behavioral interventioncognitive rehabilitationfunctional abilitysubjective cognitive decline

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is common, especially in Hispanic adults, increasing dementia risk.
  • Existing memory interventions lack cultural and linguistic adaptation for Spanish-speaking populations.
  • Accessible non-pharmacologic interventions are crucial for mitigating cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt the English Memory Support System (MSS) into a culturally and linguistically appropriate Spanish version.
  • To evaluate the impact of the Spanish MSS on daily functioning, memory self-efficacy, and well-being in Spanish-speaking Hispanic adults with SCD.
  • To assess the intervention's effects on support partners, including caregiver burden.

Main Methods:

  • Pilot study involving 20 Spanish-speaking Hispanic adults with SCD and 16 support partners.
  • Linguistic and cultural adaptation of the existing Memory Support System (MSS) intervention.
  • Assessment of outcomes at baseline, treatment end, and 8-week follow-up, including adherence, daily function, mood, anxiety, and caregiver burden.

Main Results:

  • Participants with SCD showed improved general functional status and organizational skills by treatment end.
  • Significant reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms were observed in participants with SCD.
  • Support partners reported reduced anxiety and caregiver burden post-intervention.

Conclusions:

  • The Spanish adaptation of the Memory Support System (MSS) was successfully developed and implemented.
  • The Spanish MSS shows potential for improving daily functioning and well-being in Spanish-speaking Hispanic adults with SCD.
  • The intervention positively impacted both patients and their support partners, addressing a critical need.