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Cardiorenal Syndrome: New Pathways and Novel Biomarkers

Guido Gembillo1,2, Luca Visconti3, Maria Ausilia Giusti4

  • 1Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.

Biomolecules
|November 27, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) involves complex heart-kidney interactions. This review explores circulating biomarkers, including microRNAs, to improve CRS diagnosis, risk assessment, and prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex multi-organ condition involving intricate heart and kidney interactions during injury.
  • Pathogenesis includes metabolic, hemodynamic, neurohormonal, inflammatory, and atherosclerotic mechanisms.
  • Understanding CRS requires precise and accessible diagnostic and prognostic markers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive review of circulating biomarkers for Cardiorenal Syndrome.
  • To evaluate existing and emerging biomarkers, including microRNAs, for diagnosing and managing CRS.
  • To analyze pathways balancing kidney and heart physiology in CRS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of renal, cardiac, metabolic, oxidative, and vascular circulating biomarkers.
  • Evaluation of evidence for established and novel indicators in CRS.
  • Analysis of biomarker combinations for improved diagnostic and prognostic accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for several biomarkers, especially when combined, has strengthened in recent years.
  • The effectiveness of some widely used biomarkers in CRS remains debated.
  • Newer markers like microRNAs show promise in understanding CRS pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating biomarkers, particularly when used in combination, can significantly aid in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis of Cardiorenal Syndrome.
  • A 360-degree analysis of biomarkers offers insights into the delicate balance of kidney and heart physiology in CRS.
  • Continued research into novel biomarkers is crucial for advancing CRS management.

Keywords:
KIM-1NGALacute kidney injurycardiorenal syndromechronic renocardiac syndromeheartkidneymicroRNAnovel biomarkersproBNPrenal injury

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