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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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KCNQ1OT1: An Oncogenic Long Noncoding RNA.

Patrice Cagle1, Qi Qi1, Suryakant Niture1

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Biomolecules
|November 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Long noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 (KCNQ1 Opposite Strand/Antisense Transcript 1) drives cancer progression by affecting cell functions. Aberrant KCNQ1OT1 expression correlates with poor prognosis, highlighting its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Keywords:
KCNQ1OT1competing endogenous RNAhuman cancerslong noncoding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression implicated in human diseases.
  • KCNQ1 Opposite Strand/Antisense Transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) is a lncRNA involved in cancer development and progression.
  • Aberrant KCNQ1OT1 expression is linked to poor patient prognosis and reduced survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of KCNQ1OT1 in various human cancers.
  • To explore the role of KCNQ1OT1 as a potential diagnostic biomarker.
  • To discuss KCNQ1OT1 as a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on KCNQ1OT1 in human cancers.
  • Analysis of KCNQ1OT1's regulatory roles in cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, metabolism, and immune evasion.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding KCNQ1OT1's association with cancer prognosis and survival.

Main Results:

  • KCNQ1OT1 significantly influences multiple cancer hallmarks, including proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, glucose metabolism, and immune evasion.
  • Dysregulated KCNQ1OT1 expression is observed across a wide spectrum of cancers, such as colorectal, breast, lung, and liver cancers.
  • The review consolidates evidence linking KCNQ1OT1 to adverse clinical outcomes and decreased patient survival.

Conclusions:

  • KCNQ1OT1 plays a critical role in the development and progression of numerous human cancers.
  • KCNQ1OT1 demonstrates significant potential as a reliable diagnostic biomarker for early cancer detection.
  • Targeting KCNQ1OT1 offers a promising novel therapeutic strategy for improving cancer treatment outcomes.