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Protein Supplementation and Grazing Behavior for Cows on Differing Late-Season Rangeland Grazing Systems.

James E Sprinkle¹, Joseph K Sagers², John B Hall¹

¹Nancy M. Cummings Research, Extension & Education Center, University of Idaho, Carmen, ID 83462, USA.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI

|November 27, 2021

Summary

Supplementing cattle with protein in late autumn can alter grazing behavior, especially during colder periods. This compensatory grazing helps cattle with higher nutritional needs manage on late-season rangelands.

Keywords:

accelerometer beef cattle grazing behavior grazing systems protein supplementation residual feed intake

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Area of Science:

Animal Science
Rangeland Ecology
Behavioral Biology

Background:

Cattle grazing behavior is influenced by nutritional status and environmental conditions.
Late-season rangelands present nutritional challenges for livestock.
Understanding compensatory grazing behaviors is crucial for livestock management.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how protein supplementation affects grazing behavior in Hereford × Angus cows with varying feed intake levels.
To determine if grazing management (continuous vs. rotational) interacts with supplementation effects.
To assess behavioral adaptations of cattle to late-season rangeland conditions.

Main Methods:

Utilized accelerometers to measure grazing time (GT), resting time (RT), and walking time (WLK) in cows over two years.
Monitored bite rate (BR) as an indicator of foraging intensity.
Compared four treatment groups: continuously grazed control (CCON), continuously grazed supplemented (CTRT), rotationally grazed control (RCON), and rotationally grazed supplemented (RTRT).

Main Results:

Grazing and resting time distributions varied significantly between years, influenced by temperature, with cattle grazing more in early morning/late evening and resting more during the day in colder conditions (2016).
Supplemented cattle exhibited a higher bite rate (BR) than control cattle in 2017.
Continuous grazing control (CCON) cattle showed increased walking time indicative of search grazing compared to supplemented cattle (CTRT) in 2017.

Conclusions:

Cattle with elevated nutritional requirements adjust their grazing behavior to compensate for nutritional deficits on late-season rangelands.
Protein supplementation can enhance foraging efficiency, as indicated by increased bite rates.
Grazing management and nutritional supplementation are key factors influencing cattle behavior and resource utilization.